Where: Chatham County, Georgia (32.0° N, 81.1° W: paleocoordinates 32.0° N, 81.1° W)
• coordinate stated in text
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: oxygen isotope stage 5 zone, Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)
• specimens are from both the banks and bed of a modern channel, suggesting that more than one bed was collected
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: marginal marine; lithology not reported
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Collection methods: bulk, sieve,
Primary reference: R. C. Hulbert, Jr. and A. E. Pratt. 1998. Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) vertebrate faunas from coastal Georgia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(2):412-429 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 20604: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.10.1995
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
•NISP 177
Gastropoda | |
Epitonium rupicola Kurtz 1860 wentletrap | |
"Polinices duplicatus" = Neverita duplicatus
"Polinices duplicatus" = Neverita duplicatus Say 1822 moon snail | |
"Oliva sayana" = Oliva (Ispidula) sayana
"Oliva sayana" = Oliva (Ispidula) sayana Ravenel 1834 olive snail | |
Busycon carica Gmelin 1792 whelk | |
Eupleura caudata Say 1822 murex snail | |
"Terebra dislocata" = Strioterebrum dislocatum
"Terebra dislocata" = Strioterebrum dislocatum Say 1822 auger snail | |
Bivalvia | |
"Divaricella quadrisulcata" = Divalinga quadrisulcata
"Divaricella quadrisulcata" = Divalinga quadrisulcata d'Orbigny 1846 clam | |
"Donax variabilis" = Serrula variabilis
"Donax variabilis" = Serrula variabilis Say 1822 clam | |
Abra aequalis Say 1822 abra | |
Mulinia lateralis Say 1822 clam | |
Pleuromeris tridentata Say 1826 clam | |
"Noetia ponderosa" = Eontia ponderosa
"Noetia ponderosa" = Eontia ponderosa Say 1822 clam | |
"Anadara ovalis" = Lunarca ovalis, "Anadara brasiliana" = Anadara (Cunearca) brasiliana, "Anadara transversa" = Anadara (Larkinia) transversa
"Anadara ovalis" = Lunarca ovalis Bruguiere 1789 ark
"Anadara brasiliana" = Anadara (Cunearca) brasiliana Lamarck 1819 ark
"Anadara transversa" = Anadara (Larkinia) transversa Say 1822 ark | |
Anomia simplex d'Orbigny 1845 jingle | |
"Nucula proxima" = Nucula (Nucula) proxima
"Nucula proxima" = Nucula (Nucula) proxima Say 1820 Atlantic Nut Clam | |
Actinopteri | |
Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843 gar | |
Sphyraena sp. Artedi 1793 barracuda | |
Prionotus sp. Lacépède 1802 sea robin | |
Arius felis Ariid catfish | |
Clupeidae indet. Cuvier 1817 herring
cf. Alosa sp. Linck 1790 herring | |
Synodus sp. Scopoli 1777 | |
Batrachoididae indet. toadfish
Opsanus sp. Rafinesque 1818 toadfish | |
Trichiurus sp. Linnaeus 1758 | |
Archosargus probatocephalus Walbaum 1792 perch-like fish
Lagodon rhomboides Linnaeus 1766 perch-like fish | |
Bairdiella cf. chrysoura perch-like fish | |
Pogonias cromis Cope 1869 black drum | |
Lactophrys sp. Swainson 1839 | |
Balistes sp. Linnaeus 1758 | |
Fundulus sp. Lacépède 1803 | |
Mugil sp. Linnaeus 1758 | |
Bothidae indet. flatfish | |
Reptilia | |
Serpentes indet. snake | |
Thamnophis sirtalis, Nerodia fasciata, Regina sp., Coluber constrictor, Pituophis melanoleucas, Heterodon sp.
Thamnophis sirtalis Linnaeus garter snake
Nerodia fasciata Linnaeus 1766 banded water snake
Regina sp. Baird and Girard 1853 crayfish snake
Coluber constrictor Linnaeus 1758 black racer
Pituophis melanoleucas gopher snake
Heterodon sp. Latreille 1801 hog-nosed snake | |
Crotalus sp. Linnaeus 1758 rattlesnake
Agkistrodon piscivorus cottonmouth | |
Pseudemys cf. concinna Le Conte 1830 eastern river cooter
Deirochelys reticularia Latreille 1801 Chicken turtle
Terrapene carolina Linnaeus 1758 common box turtle | |
Hesperotestudo crassicutata turtle
"Hesperotestudo incisa" = Hesperotestudo turgida Cope 1892 turtle
Gopherus polyphemus Daudin 1802 Florida gopher tortoise | |
Chelydra serpentina Linnaeus 1758 Common snapping turtle | |
Sternotherus sp. Gray 1825 musk turtle
Kinosternon sp. von Spix 1824 mud turtle | |
"Kinosternidae indet." = Kinosternoidea
"Kinosternidae indet." = Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 mud turtle | |
Aves | |
| |
Reptilia | |
Alligator mississippiensis Daudin 1801 American alligator | |
Mammalia | |
| |
Eremotherium laurillardi Lund 1842 edentate (considering that four numbered specimens appear to represent one individual)
| |
Paramylodon harlani Owen 1840 Harlan's ground sloth | |
Sylvilagus floridanus Allen 1890 eastern cottontail
Sylvilagus palustris Bachman 1837 marsh rabbit | |
Oryzomys palustris, Neotoma floridana, Sigmodon hispidus, Microtus pennsylvanicus, "Pitymys pinetorum" = Microtus pinetorum1, Synaptomys australis, Peromyscus cf. polionotus, Neofiber alleni
Oryzomys palustris Harlan 1837 marsh rice rat
Neotoma floridana Ord 1818 eastern woodrat
Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord 1825 hispid cotton rat
Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord 1815 meadow vole
Synaptomys australis Simpson 1928 mouse
Peromyscus cf. polionotus Wagner 1843 oldfield mouse
Neofiber alleni True 1884 round-tailed muskrat | |
Castor canadensis Kuhl 1820 American beaver | |
Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin 1788 eastern gray squirrel
Glaucomys volans Linnaeus 1758 southern flying squirrel | |
Mylohyus fossilis Leidy 1860 peccary | |
Bison sp. Hamilton-Smith 1827 bison | |
Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 white-tailed deer | |
"Tapirus veroensis" = Tapirus (Helicotapirus) veroensis
"Tapirus veroensis" = Tapirus (Helicotapirus) veroensis Sellards 1918 tapir | |
Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse | |
Leopardus sp. Gray 1842 cat
Lynx rufus Schreber 1777 bobcat | |
Procyon lotor Linnaeus 1758 raccoon | |
| |
Ursidae indet. Gray 1825 bear | |
Blarina brevicauda Say 1823 northern short-tailed shrew
Blarina carolinensis Bachman 1837 southern short-tailed shrew | |
Scalopus aquaticus Linnaeus 1758 eastern mole | |
Mammut americanum Kerr 1792 American mastodon | |
Didelphis virginiana Kerr 1792 Virginia opossum | |
Amphibia | |
"Ambystoma cf. maculatum" = Amblystoma maculatum, Siren cf. intermedia, Amphiuma sp.2, Notophthalmus viridescens
"Ambystoma cf. maculatum" = Amblystoma maculatum Shaw 1802 Spotted salamander
Siren cf. intermedia siren
Notophthalmus viridescens Rafinesque 1820 Eastern newt | |
Pseudacris ornata Holbrook 1836 ornate chorus frog | |
Rana catesbiana frog | |
Bufo sp. Laurenti 1768 toad | |
Chondrichthyes | |
Dasyatidae indet. Jordan 1888 whiptail stingray | |
Aetobatus narinari Euphrasen 1790 stingray | |
Myliobatidae indet. Bonaparte 1838 eagle ray | |
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810 sand shark | |
Ginglymostoma cirratum Gmelin 1789 nurse shark | |
Carcharhinus sp., Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus obscurus, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, Negaprion brevirostris
Carcharhinus sp. de Blainville 1816 requiem shark
Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes 1839 requiem shark
Rhizoprionodon terraenovae sharpnose shark
Negaprion brevirostris Poey 1868 lemon shark | |
Sphyrna tiburo hammerhead shark | |
Galeocerdo cuvier Peron and LeSueur 1822 tiger shark |